Capital, capabilities and culture: a human development approach to student and school transformation

This book applies the capability approach as an evaluative lens through which to explore the range of capabilities that emerged over a three-year period, through the Trinity Access 21 – College for Every Student (TA21-CFES) higher education access project in four schools. Qualitative analysis is presented from a longitudinal study of four schools over a three-year period, drawing on data from four student focus groups involving 21 student participants and 14 individual student interviews. An additional sixteen school personnel contributed in interviews.


There are three main findings: first, specific student capabilities emerge because of their engagement in the TA21-CFES core practices of Leadership, Mentoring and Pathways to College. These are: autonomy, practical reason/college knowledge, identity, social relations and networks and hope. Second, students encounter a range of inhibiting social conversion factors in developing capabilities and persisting with higher education aspirations. These are: the negative pull of peer relations; pressure related to the Junior Certificate; limited subject choice and conflicting family expectations. Third, it is the combination of their own emerging capability set along with a network of trusted relationships with others that enables them to overcome potentially corrosive disadvantage and translate their experiences into fertile functionings. It is proposed that these findings have national and international relevance for widening participation interventions. The research makes a methodological contribution as it is the first use of qualitative longitudinal research (QLR) in Ireland within a ‘lived’ project aimed at working-class students over a three-year period. It contributes empirically as it provides new knowledge about the impact of interventions aimed at developing students’ capability set and how these might help them to develop navigational capital and post-secondary educational aspirations. It also makes a conceptual contribution to how we frame the design and evaluation of impact of widening participation initiatives, as it takes a capability approach to considering how students develop higher education aspirations over time, towards what they consider ‘a life of value’. It is useful to researchers, practitioners and policy makers who are interested in taking an evidence-based approach to developing higher education access programmes.

Foreword by Edward P. St. John, University of Michigan
Introduction
List of Tables and Figures
List of Acronyms
Chapter 1: Introducing access to higher education by working-class students
Chapter 2: The capability approach and access to higher education
Chapter 3: Research design and methodology
Chapter 4: The capability of autonomy and post-secondary choice-making in working-class students
Chapter 5: The capability of practical reason and college knowledge
Chapter 6: The capability of identity, student choice and adapted preferences
Chapter 7: The capabilities of social relations and hope and navigational capital for higher education progression
Chapter 8: Conclusion
Bibliography
Appendices
Index

Cliona Hannon (BA, MA, MBA, PhD) is responsible for strategic priorities relating to access and diversity at Trinity College, University of Dublin, as Director of the Trinity Access Programmes (TAP). In the late 1990s, Cliona set up an innovative, year-long Foundation Course for young adults from working-class backgrounds. By 2018, 25% of Trinity’s first year cohort was made up of non-traditional students. Cliona is co-director of the award-winning Trinity Access 21 project, which focuses on providing ‘access’ mentors to young working-class people at an early stage in their second-level education, as well as developing their agency, identity and knowledge to make informed post-secondary decisions. Since 2016, Cliona has been a Visiting Fellow at Oxford University, adapting the TAP Foundation Course to Lady Margaret Hall (LMH), which is now admitting its third student cohort to a Foundation Year. The Financial Times announced earlier this year that Cambridge University is proposing to develop a university-wide Foundation Year, based on the Trinity College Dublin and LMH models.

widening participation, capability approach, higher education access, critical theory, resistance theory, social capital, habitus, human capital